What GPA do you actually need? Nobody answers this straight, so I will. There are two numbers: the minimum and the reality. They are not close.
Most schools publish a minimum GPA required for masters abroad somewhere on their admissions page. Usually 3.0, sometimes 2.75, sometimes a vague "second class standing." That number is a floor, not a target. It means your file will not be auto-rejected. It says nothing about whether you are competitive.
Competitiveness lives at the program level, not the university level. A 3.2 can be perfectly fine for a mid-tier mechanical engineering masters and nowhere near enough for the data science program in the same building. This is why a GPA and test score requirement database by program beats any university-wide number. You want to know what admitted students actually had, program by program. That is the only number that matters, and it is the number schools least like to publish.
Below the published minimum? You are not dead. Strong GRE scores, real work experience, a publication or two can offset it. Some departments genuinely review holistically. Others say they do and do not. Figuring out which is which saves you a lot of application fees.
Two practical notes. First, convert your grades correctly. International grading scales do not map linearly to a 4.0 scale, and I have seen people undersell themselves badly with lazy conversions. Check how your target schools actually evaluate foreign transcripts before panicking. Second, if you are sitting at exactly 3.0 and wondering "can i get into masters with 3.0 gpa," the short answer is yes, but your SOP has to carry more weight, and it has to be shaped around each school.
That is where the tailoring packs at sopexpert.fyi come in. They build the draft around your target university from the start, so the numbers get framed instead of just listed.